Paediatric flat feet, also known as pes planus, is a condition where
the arch of the foot is lowered.
There are two main types:
Flexible flat foot: due to tissues in the feet being loose or
flexible. Very young children have added soft tissue and flexibility,
which can make feet look flatter than they are. A flexible flat foot
will have an arch when the child is sitting, when their big toe is
bent backwards or if they stand on their tiptoes. An arch will develop
around the age of 6.
Pathological flat foot: the child's feet are flat due to disease or a
condition. Possible causes include a neuromuscular disease (cerebral
palsy, spina bifida), a rigid flat foot, genetic disorders (Down
syndrome) or injury.

Treatment:
If the foot is flexible with no symptoms, no treatment is required. It
is likely the child will grow out of it. If pain is present,
paediatric orthotics, exercises and footwear advice should be given.
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